Known for its experimental theatre, poetry & literature, the Marathi language is spoken by the Marathi people of western India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are more than 90 million fluent speakers of Marathi worldwide. Marathi is the 3rd most spoken language in India and the 19th most spoken language in the world.
Sanskrit is the root language from which all the languages presently spoken in India (with the exception of the four Dravidian languages have evolved. Three Prakrit languages, simpler in structure, emerged from Sanskrit. These were Shaurseni, Magadhi and Maharashtri.
Marathi is said to be a descendent of Maharashtri which was the Prakrit the official state language of Maharashtra – literally the "gigantic nation". Indeed, population density-wise, Maharashtra comes only second to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh. And area-wise it is the 3rd largest and the richest state of India.
Till 18th century, during the reign of Peshwas, Marathi was written in Modi script which is more akin to Dravidian scripts which are cursive in nature. Modern Marathi is written in Devnagari script and like all Indic languages of the Indo-Aryan family, it is written from left to right. Unlike other contemporary languages, it has three genders instead of two and also there is no distinction of upper and lower case.
Apart from standard Marathi there are almost 42 dialects with a distinctive lilt and variations in the way words are emphasized or accented and pronounced. Some of the prominant dialects are Warhadi, Khandeshi, Ahirani, Malvani, Dangi, and Zadi Boli. Even within standard Marathi, there is substantial variation in the spoken and written language.
Worldwide, more than 68 million people speak Marathi. In India, it is the fourth most spoken language, with a sizeable number of native speakers in the neighbouring regions such as Baroda (Gujarat), Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Belgaum (Karnataka), Union Territories of Goa, Diu-Daman and Dadra-Nagar Haveli, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) and Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu).
Marathi has one of the most vibrant literary tradition of theatre, poetry, fiction and humor. A middle class Maharashtrian will probably value his theatre and music more than his livelihood.